Soak the rinsed rice for 30 minutes, then drain. Toast the moong dal in a dry skillet over medium heat for 5 to 7 minutes until fragrant and lightly golden; rinse and drain.
Season the beef with 1/2 teaspoon salt and pepper. Heat the oil in a heavy pot and fry the onions until deeply golden. Reserve one-third for serving.
Cook the Beef:
Add beef to the pot and brown in patches. Stir in ginger, garlic, turmeric, cumin, coriander, and half the chiles for 1 minute. Add yogurt and cook for 8 minutes until the mixture looks cohesive.
Add 1 cup hot water, cover, and simmer for 30 to 35 minutes until the beef is nearly tender.
Cook the Khichuri:
Stir in rice, dal, bay, cinnamon, cardamom, cloves, remaining salt, and the remaining 3 cups hot water. Bring to a boil, cover, and cook over low heat for 18 minutes.
Rest covered for 10 minutes. Fluff gently, remove whole spices if desired, and finish with reserved onion, remaining chiles, and cilantro.
Notes
Toast the dal only until fragrant; very dark lentils can taste bitter.
Refrigerate for up to three days and reheat covered with a small splash of water.