Pat the beef dry and season lightly with salt and pepper. Heat the oil in a large Dutch oven over medium-high heat.
Brown the beef in batches so the pieces sear instead of steaming. Transfer the browned beef to a plate.
Build the Stew:
Reduce the heat to medium. Add the onion and cook for 5 minutes until softened, then add the garlic and cook for 30 seconds.
Return the beef to the pot. Stir in the stock, cassareep, brown sugar, cinnamon, cloves, thyme, pepper, salt, orange zest, and whole hot pepper.
Bring to a gentle simmer, cover partially, and cook for 2 1/2 to 3 hours, stirring occasionally, until the beef is fork-tender. Add stock if needed to keep the meat partly submerged.
Finish and Serve:
Remove the cinnamon stick, whole cloves, orange zest, and hot pepper. Taste and adjust salt or pepper.
Ladle the pepperpot into bowls and serve hot with warm bread, roti, or ground provisions.
Notes
Cassareep is essential to the characteristic flavor and color of pepperpot.
Brown the meat in batches for a deeper finished sauce.
The stew can be made a day ahead and reheated gently.