Combine the lentils, water, turmeric, and salt in a saucepan. Simmer for 25 minutes, stirring occasionally, until soft.
Cook the rinsed rice with its water in a covered pot over low heat for 15 minutes. Rest off the heat for 10 minutes.
For the dal tempering, heat the ghee in a small pan. Add the cumin, onion, garlic, and ginger and cook until golden. Stir in the tomato, then add the mixture to the dal.
Make the tarkari and serve:
Heat the oil in a skillet. Add the potatoes, cauliflower, beans, cumin, chile powder, and a pinch of salt.
Add 2 tablespoons of water, cover, and cook for 10 to 12 minutes, until the vegetables are tender but not mushy. Fold in the cilantro.
Arrange rice, dal, tarkari, greens, pickle, and papad on each plate. Serve hot.
Notes
Keep the dal a little thinner than a dip so it can be spooned over the rice.
Papad can be toasted over a gas flame or dry skillet until crisp.